Hibernate注解实现单表递归树形结构

作者: Michael 日期: 2013 年 3 月 15 日发表评论 (2) 查看评论

概述
环境
代码示例
测试结果

[一]、概述

在系统中，经常会用到无限级递归的树形结构，比如菜单、组织机构管理、多级分类等等，一般是在同一个表中定义父子关系实现这种树形结构，本文主要讲述如何运用hibernate全注解的方式实现这个功能。

[二]、环境

hibernate 4.1.2
java 1.6
mysql 5.1

[三]、代码示例

第一步：创建Entity类，并添加注解实现关联关系

ps: 主要是利用@ManyToOne 和 @OneToMany 配置在同一个Entity类中实现树形递归的结构。

TreeNode.java

package com.micmiu.hibernate.anno.entity;

import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;

/**
 * 树形结构示例
 *
 * @author <a href="http://www.micmiu.com">Michael Sun</a>
 */
@Entity
@Table(name = "DEMO_T_TREE_NODE")
public class TreeNode {

	public TreeNode() {
	}

	public TreeNode(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	private int id;

	private String name;
	// 父节点
	private TreeNode parent;
	// 子节点
	private Set<TreeNode> children = new LinkedHashSet<TreeNode>();

	@Id
	@Column(name = "ID")
	@GeneratedValue
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}

	@Column(name = "NAME", length = 20)
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	@ManyToOne(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
	@JoinColumn(name = "PARENT_ID")
	public TreeNode getParent() {
		return parent;
	}

	@OneToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, mappedBy = "parent", fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
	public Set<TreeNode> getChildren() {
		return children;
	}

	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public void setParent(TreeNode parent) {
		this.parent = parent;
	}

	public void setChildren(Set<TreeNode> children) {
		this.children = children;
	}
}

package com.micmiu.hibernate.anno.entity;

import java.util.LinkedHashSet;

import java.util.Set;

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;

import javax.persistence.Column;

import javax.persistence.Entity;

import javax.persistence.FetchType;

import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;

import javax.persistence.Id;

import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;

import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;

import javax.persistence.OneToMany;

import javax.persistence.Table;

/**

* 树形结构示例

* @author <a href="http://www.micmiu.com">Michael Sun</a>

@Entity

@Table(name = "DEMO_T_TREE_NODE")

public class TreeNode {

public TreeNode() {

}

public TreeNode(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

private int id;

private String name;

// 父节点

private TreeNode parent;

// 子节点

private Set<TreeNode> children = new LinkedHashSet<TreeNode>();

@Id

@Column(name = "ID")

@GeneratedValue

public int getId() {

return id;

}

@Column(name = "NAME", length = 20)

public String getName() {

return name;

}

@ManyToOne(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, fetch = FetchType.EAGER)

@JoinColumn(name = "PARENT_ID")

public TreeNode getParent() {

return parent;

}

@OneToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, mappedBy = "parent", fetch = FetchType.EAGER)

public Set<TreeNode> getChildren() {

return children;

}

public void setId(int id) {

this.id = id;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public void setParent(TreeNode parent) {

this.parent = parent;

}

public void setChildren(Set<TreeNode> children) {

this.children = children;

}

第二步：创建hibernate默认配置文件：

hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
          "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
          "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>

	<session-factory>

		<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/michaeldemo</property>
		<property name="connection.username">root</property>
		<property name="connection.password"></property>

		<property name="show_sql">true</property>
		<property name="format_sql">true</property>

		<property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>
		<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>

		<mapping class="com.micmiu.hibernate.anno.entity.TreeNode" />
	</session-factory>

</hibernate-configuration>

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC

"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"

"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>

<session-factory>

<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>

<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>

<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/michaeldemo</property>

<property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>

<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>

</session-factory>

</hibernate-configuration>

第三步：创建测试文件：

HibernateAnnoTreeTest.java

package com.micmiu.hibernate;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.micmiu.hibernate.anno.entity.TreeNode;

/**
 * 测试
 *
 * @author <a href="http://www.micmiu.com">Michael Sun</a>
 */
public class HibernateAnnoTreeTest {

	private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;

	@BeforeClass
	public static void beforeClass() {
		Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure();
		ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new ServiceRegistryBuilder()
				.applySettings(configuration.getProperties())
				.buildServiceRegistry();
		sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);

	}

	@AfterClass
	public static void afterClass() {
		sessionFactory.close();
	}

	@Test
	public void testTreeCRUD() {
		// 先运行添加测试
		// testSave();

		// 读取测试
		// testRead();

		// 更新测试
		testUpdate();

		// 删除测试
		// testDelete();
	}

	public void testSave() {
		System.out.println("========>测试添加 start <========");
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();

		session.beginTransaction();
		TreeNode rootNode = initData();
		session.save(rootNode);
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
		System.out.println("========>测试添加 end <========");
		// 读取添加的数据
		testRead();
	}

	public void testRead() {
		System.out.println("========>读取 start <========");
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		System.out.println("-----> get root node:");
		TreeNode rootNode = (TreeNode) session.get(TreeNode.class, 1);

		System.out.println("-----> 输出树形结构如下:");
		printNode(rootNode, 0);

		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
		System.out.println("========>读取 end <========");
	}

	public void testUpdate() {
		// 更新前读取信息
		testRead();
		System.out.println("========>测试更新 start <========");
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();

		System.out.println("---> 更新节点属性");
		TreeNode rootNode = (TreeNode) session.get(TreeNode.class, 1);
		System.out.println("get root node:" + rootNode.getName()
				+ " child size:" + rootNode.getChildren().size());
		rootNode.setName(rootNode.getName() + "(我的blog)");

		TreeNode node_del = null;
		for (TreeNode node : rootNode.getChildren()) {
			if ("Hazel".equals(node.getName())) {
				node_del = node;
			}
		}
		System.out.println("---> 删除节点(包含子节点)");
		System.out.println("delete node:" + node_del.getName() + " child size:"
				+ node_del.getChildren().size());
		node_del.setParent(null);
		rootNode.getChildren().remove(node_del);
		session.delete(node_del);

		System.out.println("---> 添加节点(包含子节点)");
		TreeNode node_add = new TreeNode("企业应用");
		node_add.setParent(rootNode);
		rootNode.getChildren().add(node_add);

		TreeNode node_add_0 = new TreeNode("SNMP");
		node_add_0.setParent(node_add);
		node_add.getChildren().add(node_add_0);

		TreeNode node_add_1 = new TreeNode("SSO");
		node_add_1.setParent(node_add);
		node_add.getChildren().add(node_add_1);

		session.update(rootNode);

		System.out.println("---> 节点下添加子节点");
		TreeNode node_update = (TreeNode) session.get(TreeNode.class, 6);
		TreeNode node_child_add = new TreeNode("go(新增)");
		System.out.println("append child node:" + node_child_add.getName()
				+ " to parent node: " + node_update.getName());
		node_child_add.setParent(node_update);
		node_update.getChildren().add(node_child_add);

		System.out.println("---> 节点下删除子节点");

		TreeNode node_child_del = node_update.getChildren().iterator().next();
		System.out.println("delete node child :" + node_child_del.getName()
				+ " from parent node: " + node_update.getName());
		node_update.getChildren().remove(node_child_del);
		node_child_del.setParent(null);
		session.delete(node_child_del);

		session.update(node_update);

		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
		System.out.println("========>测试更新 end <========");
		// 更新后读取信息
		testRead();
	}

	public void testDelete() {
		// 删除前读取信息
		testRead();
		System.out.println("========>测试删除 start <========");
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		TreeNode node = (TreeNode) session.get(TreeNode.class, 6);
		System.out.println("node:" + node.getName() + " child size:"
				+ node.getChildren().size());
		TreeNode childNode = node.getChildren().iterator().next();
		childNode.setParent(null);
		node.getChildren().remove(childNode);
		session.delete(childNode);
		System.out.println("delete node:" + childNode.getName()
				+ " from parent:" + node.getName());

		session.update(node);
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
		System.out.println("========>测试删除 end <========");
		// 删除后读取信息
		testRead();

	}

	/**
	 * 模拟测试数据
	 */
	private TreeNode initData() {
		TreeNode rootNode = new TreeNode("micmiu.com");

		// 一级
		TreeNode node0 = new TreeNode("Michael");
		node0.setParent(rootNode);
		rootNode.getChildren().add(node0);

		// 二级
		TreeNode node0_0 = new TreeNode("J2EE");
		node0_0.setParent(node0);
		node0.getChildren().add(node0_0);
		// 二级
		TreeNode node0_1 = new TreeNode("SOA");
		node0_1.setParent(node0);
		node0.getChildren().add(node0_1);
		// 二级
		TreeNode node0_2 = new TreeNode("NoSQL");
		node0_2.setParent(node0);
		node0.getChildren().add(node0_2);

		// 二级
		TreeNode node0_3 = new TreeNode("编程语言");
		node0_3.setParent(node0);
		node0.getChildren().add(node0_3);

		// 三级
		TreeNode node0_3_0 = new TreeNode("Java");
		node0_3_0.setParent(node0_3);
		node0_3.getChildren().add(node0_3_0);

		TreeNode node0_3_1 = new TreeNode("Groovy");
		node0_3_1.setParent(node0_3);
		node0_3.getChildren().add(node0_3_1);

		TreeNode node0_3_2 = new TreeNode("javascript");
		node0_3_2.setParent(node0_3);
		node0_3.getChildren().add(node0_3_2);

		// 一级
		TreeNode node1 = new TreeNode("Hazel");
		node1.setParent(rootNode);
		rootNode.getChildren().add(node1);
		// 二级
		TreeNode node1_0 = new TreeNode("life");
		node1_0.setParent(node1);
		node1.getChildren().add(node1_0);
		// 二级
		TreeNode node1_1 = new TreeNode("美食");
		node1_1.setParent(node1);
		node1.getChildren().add(node1_1);
		// 二级
		TreeNode node1_2 = new TreeNode("旅游");
		node1_2.setParent(node1);
		node1.getChildren().add(node1_2);

		return rootNode;
	}

	private void printNode(TreeNode node, int level) {
		String preStr = "";
		for (int i = 0; i < level; i++) {
			preStr += "|----";
		}
		System.out.println(preStr + node.getName());
		for (TreeNode children : node.getChildren()) {
			printNode(children, level + 1);
		}
	}

}

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package com.micmiu.hibernate;

import org.hibernate.Session;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;

import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;

import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder;

import org.junit.AfterClass;

import org.junit.BeforeClass;

import org.junit.Test;

import com.micmiu.hibernate.anno.entity.TreeNode;

/**

* 测试

* @author <a href="http://www.micmiu.com">Michael Sun</a>

public class HibernateAnnoTreeTest {

private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;

@BeforeClass

public static void beforeClass() {

Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure();

ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new ServiceRegistryBuilder()

.applySettings(configuration.getProperties())

.buildServiceRegistry();

sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);

}

@AfterClass

public static void afterClass() {

sessionFactory.close();

}

@Test

public void testTreeCRUD() {

// 先运行添加测试

// testSave();

// 读取测试

// testRead();

// 更新测试

testUpdate();

// 删除测试

// testDelete();

}

public void testSave() {

System.out.println("========>测试添加 start <========");

Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();

session.beginTransaction();

TreeNode rootNode = initData();

session.save(rootNode);

session.getTransaction().commit();

session.close();

System.out.println("========>测试添加 end <========");

// 读取添加的数据

testRead();

}

public void testRead() {

System.out.println("========>读取 start <========");

Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();

session.beginTransaction();

System.out.println("-----> get root node:");

TreeNode rootNode = (TreeNode) session.get(TreeNode.class, 1);

System.out.println("-----> 输出树形结构如下:");

printNode(rootNode, 0);

session.getTransaction().commit();

session.close();

System.out.println("========>读取 end <========");

}

public void testUpdate() {

// 更新前读取信息

testRead();

System.out.println("========>测试更新 start <========");

Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();

session.beginTransaction();

System.out.println("---> 更新节点属性");

TreeNode rootNode = (TreeNode) session.get(TreeNode.class, 1);

System.out.println("get root node:" + rootNode.getName()

+ " child size:" + rootNode.getChildren().size());

rootNode.setName(rootNode.getName() + "(我的blog)");

TreeNode node_del = null;

for (TreeNode node : rootNode.getChildren()) {

if ("Hazel".equals(node.getName())) {

node_del = node;

}

System.out.println("---> 删除节点(包含子节点)");

System.out.println("delete node:" + node_del.getName() + " child size:"

+ node_del.getChildren().size());

node_del.setParent(null);

rootNode.getChildren().remove(node_del);

session.delete(node_del);

System.out.println("---> 添加节点(包含子节点)");

TreeNode node_add = new TreeNode("企业应用");

node_add.setParent(rootNode);

rootNode.getChildren().add(node_add);

TreeNode node_add_0 = new TreeNode("SNMP");

node_add_0.setParent(node_add);

node_add.getChildren().add(node_add_0);

TreeNode node_add_1 = new TreeNode("SSO");

node_add_1.setParent(node_add);

node_add.getChildren().add(node_add_1);

session.update(rootNode);

System.out.println("---> 节点下添加子节点");

TreeNode node_update = (TreeNode) session.get(TreeNode.class, 6);

TreeNode node_child_add = new TreeNode("go(新增)");

System.out.println("append child node:" + node_child_add.getName()

+ " to parent node: " + node_update.getName());

node_child_add.setParent(node_update);

node_update.getChildren().add(node_child_add);

System.out.println("---> 节点下删除子节点");

TreeNode node_child_del = node_update.getChildren().iterator().next();

System.out.println("delete node child :" + node_child_del.getName()

+ " from parent node: " + node_update.getName());

node_update.getChildren().remove(node_child_del);

node_child_del.setParent(null);

session.delete(node_child_del);

session.update(node_update);

session.getTransaction().commit();

session.close();

System.out.println("========>测试更新 end <========");

// 更新后读取信息

testRead();

}

public void testDelete() {

// 删除前读取信息

testRead();

System.out.println("========>测试删除 start <========");

Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();

session.beginTransaction();

TreeNode node = (TreeNode) session.get(TreeNode.class, 6);

System.out.println("node:" + node.getName() + " child size:"

+ node.getChildren().size());

TreeNode childNode = node.getChildren().iterator().next();

childNode.setParent(null);

node.getChildren().remove(childNode);

session.delete(childNode);

System.out.println("delete node:" + childNode.getName()

+ " from parent:" + node.getName());

session.update(node);

session.getTransaction().commit();

session.close();

System.out.println("========>测试删除 end <========");

// 删除后读取信息

testRead();

}

/**

* 模拟测试数据

private TreeNode initData() {

TreeNode rootNode = new TreeNode("micmiu.com");

// 一级

TreeNode node0 = new TreeNode("Michael");

node0.setParent(rootNode);

rootNode.getChildren().add(node0);

// 二级

TreeNode node0_0 = new TreeNode("J2EE");

node0_0.setParent(node0);

node0.getChildren().add(node0_0);

// 二级

TreeNode node0_1 = new TreeNode("SOA");

node0_1.setParent(node0);

node0.getChildren().add(node0_1);

// 二级

TreeNode node0_2 = new TreeNode("NoSQL");

node0_2.setParent(node0);

node0.getChildren().add(node0_2);

// 二级

TreeNode node0_3 = new TreeNode("编程语言");

node0_3.setParent(node0);

node0.getChildren().add(node0_3);

// 三级

TreeNode node0_3_0 = new TreeNode("Java");

node0_3_0.setParent(node0_3);

node0_3.getChildren().add(node0_3_0);

TreeNode node0_3_1 = new TreeNode("Groovy");

node0_3_1.setParent(node0_3);

node0_3.getChildren().add(node0_3_1);

TreeNode node0_3_2 = new TreeNode("javascript");

node0_3_2.setParent(node0_3);

node0_3.getChildren().add(node0_3_2);

// 一级

TreeNode node1 = new TreeNode("Hazel");

node1.setParent(rootNode);

rootNode.getChildren().add(node1);

// 二级

TreeNode node1_0 = new TreeNode("life");

node1_0.setParent(node1);

node1.getChildren().add(node1_0);

// 二级

TreeNode node1_1 = new TreeNode("美食");

node1_1.setParent(node1);

node1.getChildren().add(node1_1);

// 二级

TreeNode node1_2 = new TreeNode("旅游");

node1_2.setParent(node1);

node1.getChildren().add(node1_2);

return rootNode;

}

private void printNode(TreeNode node, int level) {

String preStr = "";

for (int i = 0; i < level; i++) {

preStr += "|----";

}

System.out.println(preStr + node.getName());

for (TreeNode children : node.getChildren()) {

printNode(children, level + 1);

}

第四步：创建日志输出配置文件：

log4j.properties

# Output pattern : date [thread] priority category - message
log4j.rootLogger=info, Console

#Console
log4j.appender.Console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.Console.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.Console.layout.ConversionPattern=%d [%t] %-5p [%c] - %m%n

log4j.logger.org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl=debug
log4j.logger.org.hibernate.test=info

# Output pattern : date [thread] priority category - message

log4j.rootLogger=info, Console

#Console

log4j.appender.Console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender

log4j.appender.Console.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout

log4j.appender.Console.layout.ConversionPattern=%d [%t] %-5p [%c] - %m%n

log4j.logger.org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl=debug

log4j.logger.org.hibernate.test=info

[四]、测试结果

测试添加方法，输出日志如下：

========>测试添加 start <========
========>测试添加 end <========
========>读取 start <========
-----> get root node:
-----> 输出树形结构如下:
micmiu.com
|----Michael
|----|----J2EE
|----|----SOA
|----|----NoSQL
|----|----编程语言
|----|----|----Java
|----|----|----Groovy
|----|----|----javascript
|----Hazel
|----|----life
|----|----美食
|----|----旅游
========>读取 end <========

========>测试添加 start <========

========>测试添加 end <========

========>读取 start <========

-----> get root node:

-----> 输出树形结构如下:

micmiu.com

|----Michael

|----|----J2EE

|----|----SOA

|----|----NoSQL

|----|----编程语言

|----|----|----Java

|----|----|----Groovy

|----|----|----javascript

|----Hazel

|----|----life

|----|----美食

|----|----旅游

========>读取 end <========

数据库中查询记录如下:

再运行测试程序中的更新方法，输出日志如下：

========>读取 start <========
-----> get root node:
-----> 输出树形结构如下:
micmiu.com
|----Michael
|----|----J2EE
|----|----SOA
|----|----NoSQL
|----|----编程语言
|----|----|----Java
|----|----|----Groovy
|----|----|----javascript
|----Hazel
|----|----life
|----|----美食
|----|----旅游
========>读取 end <========
========>测试更新 start <========
---> 更新节点属性
get root node:micmiu.com child size:2
---> 删除节点(包含子节点)
delete node:Hazel child size:3
---> 添加节点(包含子节点)
---> 节点下添加子节点
append child node:go(新增) to parent node: 编程语言
---> 节点下删除子节点
delete node child :Java from parent node: 编程语言
========>测试更新 end <========
========>读取 start <========
-----> get root node:
-----> 输出树形结构如下:
micmiu.com(我的blog)
|----Michael
|----|----J2EE
|----|----SOA
|----|----NoSQL
|----|----编程语言
|----|----|----Groovy
|----|----|----javascript
|----|----|----go(新增)
|----企业应用
|----|----SNMP
|----|----SSO
========>读取 end <========

========>读取 start <========

-----> get root node:

-----> 输出树形结构如下:

micmiu.com

|----Michael

|----|----J2EE

|----|----SOA

|----|----NoSQL

|----|----编程语言

|----|----|----Java

|----|----|----Groovy

|----|----|----javascript

|----Hazel

|----|----life

|----|----美食

|----|----旅游

========>读取 end <========

========>测试更新 start <========

---> 更新节点属性

get root node:micmiu.com child size:2

---> 删除节点(包含子节点)

delete node:Hazel child size:3

---> 添加节点(包含子节点)

---> 节点下添加子节点

append child node:go(新增) to parent node: 编程语言

---> 节点下删除子节点

delete node child :Java from parent node: 编程语言

========>测试更新 end <========

========>读取 start <========

-----> get root node:

-----> 输出树形结构如下:

micmiu.com(我的blog)

|----Michael

|----|----J2EE

|----|----SOA

|----|----NoSQL

|----|----编程语言

|----|----|----Groovy

|----|----|----javascript

|----|----|----go(新增)

|----企业应用

|----|----SNMP

|----|----SSO

========>读取 end <========

数据库中查询记录如下:

本文介绍到此结束@Michael Sun.

原创文章，转载请注明： 转载自micmiu – 软件开发+生活点滴[ http://www.micmiu.com/ ]

本文链接地址: http://www.micmiu.com/j2ee/hibernate/hibernate-anno-tree/

Hibernatehibernate, 树形结构, 注解

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发表评论？

2 条评论。

sen 2013 年 10 月 30 日在下午 1:32

请教下，PARENT_ID是需要在数据库中另加一个字段么

回复
- Michael 2013 年 11 月 4 日在下午 2:39
  
  如果Hibernate 配置的是update 模式，它会自己创建相关字段，如果不是update或者create 那么需要自己把相应的表及字段（包括PARENT_ID这个字段）创建好
  
  回复

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